The Criminal Is Not Solely Responsible for His Crime...

Clarence Darrow in his Address Delivered to the Prisoners in the Chicago County Jail, presents a convincing argument for the complicity of society with the criminal. In essence, Darrow believes that when one man steals from another, the community is as culpable as the criminal, since no man who already had plenty of money in his own pocket (82) would risk his life and liberty to rob or steal from another. According to Darrow, the root of the problem lies in poverty and the hoarding of wealth by a handful of people who become rich by exploiting the poor through cheap labor, or by appealing to their vices. It is interesting to note that during hard times crime increases. Particularly, periods of high inflation, or unusually cold†¦show more content†¦Darrow believes that everyone makes his living along the lines of least resistance (84). For example, he emphasized that kidnapping children is not a crime, it is a profession and that kidnappers do not take children because they want the children or because they are devilish, but because they see a chance to get some money out of it (83). The cure for such ills, according to Darrow, is to give the people a chance to live because if every man, woman and child in the world had a chance to make a decent, fair, honest living, there would be no jails, and no lawyers (83). The apathy, hopelessness and resignation of the poor is clearly described in the following blues song titled Poverty by Bobby Blue Bland. This tune was a popular refrain during the 60’s. Up every morning with the sun/I work all day till the evening comes. Blisters and corns all in my hands/Lord have mercy on a working man. I Guess I’m gonna die just like I’m living - in poverty. My pay goes down and the tax goes up/I drink my tea from a broken cup. Between my woman and Uncle Sam, I can’t figure out whose fool I am. I guess I’m gonna die just like I’m living – in poverty. Oh Lord it’s so hard, but it’s fair/Everybody talks, but nobody really cares. Can’t save a dime, can’t borrow one cent/If I pay my bills I can’t pay my rent. The old lady’s fussing and the kids are crying. They won’t let me join the welfare line. I Guess I’m gonna die just like I’m living -- in poverty.Show MoreRelatedCrime and the Criminal Justice System1111 Words   |  5 PagesCrime and the Criminal Justice System The criminal justice system and the process have molded the laws of the United States to its current existence. The judicial system is designed to punish those who commit crimes against one another and for those who break the laws in other ways. According to Pearson (2012), crime can be defined as conduct in violation of the state, the federal government, or a local jurisdiction for which there is no legally acceptable justification or excuse. Pearson (2012)Read MoreBrain Dysfunction913 Words   |  4 Pages Brain Dysfunction in Criminal Behavior Jose Luis Abreu CRJ308: Psychology of Criminal Behavior (BLG1319A) Instructor: Cheryl Cabero May 27th, 2013 Brain Dysfunction in Criminal Behavior After viewing the ABC video â€Å"The Brain and Violence: Secrets of Your Mind† I do believe that people are predisposed to violence. I do maintain my position that even if the same Neurological and genetic factors that lead to crime are present in a person the lack of a healthy environment is what will causeRead MoreCase Analysis : Proctor V. State850 Words   |  4 Pagesdefendant s motive, the failure to act supports a finding of criminal liability only when the s/he is under a binding legal duty, has the necessary knowledge to behave aptly and carrying out his or her responsibility is possible. Even so, there are instances when the issue of guilt results from a lack thereof. Each element must be proven beyond a reasonable doubt and decided as a matter of law by the court. With regard to any crime, all criminal elements are distinguishable and identifiable for the carefulRead MoreSecrecy in Frankenstein Essay999 Words   |  4 PagesWhen a crime is committed, the blame i s usually placed on the criminal. This is because a crime cannot take place without a criminal. However, a lawbreaker generally has reasons for his misdeed. For a crime to occur, a criminal must have incentive. Consequently, the causes of a wrongdoer’s motivation are also responsible for the offence. In addition, crimes can be avoided if the proper precautionary measures are taken. Therefore, anyone who could have stopped a crime from happening is partiallyRead MoreBook Report on The New Ethnic Mob by William Kleinknecht Essay1470 Words   |  6 Pageshow the current criminals involved in organized crime are no longer just the Italians. 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In order for an individual to meet the requirements for cognitive insanity it must be proven that the defendant had to be so impaired by a mental disease at the time of the act that they did not know the nature of what they were doingRead MoreEssay about Affirmative Defences881 Words   |  4 Pages Affirmative defenses is the answer to which a defendant gives the court in response to the crime they are charged with. There are two main types of affirmative defenses, Justifications and excuses. Justifications and excuses are answers that the defended did do the crime but they can give a wonderfu l and perfectly good reason why they did it and they should not be held responsible for the crime they committed. Because every case is different there is a plethora of justifications and excuses, someRead MoreParents Should Be Held Responsible For Their Childrens Actions1075 Words   |  5 Pagesof my children. As they mature these processes have changed, and it has been fascinating to watch. I have learned a great deal on the limits of self control in the adolescent mind during this time, and I believe that families should be held responsible for crimes committed by their teenagers. I understand that there is a great deal of opposition to this position, and the opposing viewpoint makes some valid arguments. One concern is that society is coddling today’s youth, and that they are not learningRead More Kant Essay example1045 Words   |  5 Pagessentence would protect society by not only preventing a purpertrator from committing the same crime again, it would also deter others by setting an example. Kant would’ve argued the rights of the condemned are being trampled; by using him as an example, we are using him as a means to an end. A rational being, in Kant’s view, is an end in himself, whether criminal or law-abiding citizen. We would thus be violating his humanity. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In Kant’s view of ethics, actions must be undertakenRead MoreArgument Against The Death Penalty1247 Words   |  5 Pagesabolitionists. There are utilitarian arguments, retributive arguments, and egalitarian arguments. Utilitarian arguments argue against the death penalty, for they look to punish criminals for the benefit and the â€Å"lesson learned† from the punishment. They believe that this is the most effective form of deterrence, because the criminal will learn their lesson and the public will benefit from safety from having the offender incapacitated. In conclusion, utilitarian arguments consider the costs and benefits

Deterioration in the Lord of the Flies Essay - 597 Words

When the boys first arrived at the island they were all nice little British school boys that followed the rules, but then quickly deteriorated into malicious killing savages. There are three examples of symbols that illustrate deterioration in the book The Lord of The Flies by William Golding. The examples are: when the conch breaks, when the fire burns down the forest, and when Jack kills the first pig. The first symbol that illustrates deterioration is when the conch breaks. The conch breaks when Roger rolls a rock down the hill at Castle Rock and it crushes the conch into thousands of pieces and it throws Piggy down the cliff. This illustrates deterioration because without the conch nobody will follow and listen to the rules. The†¦show more content†¦The final symbol that illustrates deterioration is when Jack kills the pig. When Jack kills his first pig, it shows the evil and cruel side of Jack. This illustrates deterioration because if Jack and the choir wasn‘t busy trying to kill the pig, they probably would of got saved by the ship that passed by. The first time Jack killed the pig, he was cheerful and overjoyed that he wanted to keep killing, Jack no longer listened to the rules because he was to busy hunting. Jack and the boys were so exciting that they kept on chanting Kill the pig. Cut her throat. Spill her blood (75). Killing the pig was a symbol that illus trated deterioration because that was the turning point, after killing the first pig all the savages wanted to do was hunt and kill, they could of got saved when they saw the ship but the choir didnt keep the fire going because they were to busy killing the pig. There are many examples that illustrate deterioration in the book Lord of the Flies by William Golding. Breaking the conch, burning the forest down and killing the pig were the best examples that illustrated deterioration. 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This piece of literature is used by the author to describe the very real society of human beings, through the eyes of young, â€Å"innocent† children. There is savagery, evil, goodness at heart, and the sense of hope, whether being lost or discovered, in this book. In Lord of the Flies, there are multiple different symbols that Golding uses to show the fall of society. Two of them beingRead MoreAnalysis Of Lord Of The Flies And Hunger Games By Suzanne Collins1208 Words   |  5 Pagesit. The novels, Lord of The Flies by William Golding and The Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins, demonstrate this prospect as through the narrative techniques of characterisation, plot, setting and style, they exemplify the moral decline of man under pressure to survive, ultimately resulting in savagery. Characterisation plays a major role in both texts as each character serves as a representation humanity and the faults within it. Throughout Lord of the Flies there is a developingRead MoreCivility In Lord Of The Flies Essay746 Words   |  3 PagesIn the Lord of the Flies Golding shows us the biggest threat to humanity is humanity itself and the absence of civilization causes a quick descent into chaos. A group of boys stranded on a remote island come face to face with the beast within. In the story there are characters that represent the different egos; there’s Piggy the good-doer, Jack- humanity if left unchecked, Ralph- the good results of limited power, Roger- the corruption, and Simon-the level headed. Free from the organization and rulesRead MoreEssay on Lord Of The Flies - Setting680 Words   |  3 Pages In the novel Lord of the Flies, by William Golding the setting had a very strong influence in the actions and attitudes of the characters. Setting is the defined in literature as where the story takes place. 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Also portrayed is the juxtaposition of a cruelRead More A Primitive Civilization In A Failed Utopia Essay714 Words   |  3 Pagesthis novel symbolism is used to show how the boys change their outlook on their primitive society and rules. They are used in the novel Lord of the Flies to show the deterioration and destruction of the boys society and rules. The conch, the glasses and the masks all have a greater meaning in the novel. The conch is used throughout the novel Lord of the Flies to symbolize law and order of the adult world which the boys try to recreate. The conch. I got the right to speak. (p 45,Piggy) this was

Philippine’s Open Sky Essay Sample free essay sample

Philippine Airlines. Asia’s foremost and oldest air hose. started its operations in 1941. Since so. the Philippines was opened up to foreign states and foreign trade. The Philippine Airlines opened up the state to touristry. It thrived from 1970s to early 1980s but during the mid-1980s. the touristry growing slowed down dramatically compared to other neighboring Southeasterly Asiatic states. Despite the Philippines’ immense caput start. it was left behind. How did this go on? The Filipino authorities protected the Philippine Airlines for it to develop. They closed the state to foreign bearers and allowed PAL to monopolise the Philippine sky. Other Southeasterly Asiatic states opened their air space to foreign bearers to spread out their touristry industry and promote foreign invitees and investors to see while the Philippines restricted the figure of people who can come in the state. This action cost the country’s touristry industry to dawdle behind other states. Recognizing the error committed centuries ago. the Filipino authorities is now following the Asean Open Sky Policy. In 1995. Executive Order 219 was issued by then-president Fidel V. Ramos. This EO established the country’s domestic and international civil air power liberalisation policy. but it has merely been applied domestically. Back in 2010. during the term of Pres. Arroyo. EOs 500 and 500-B were crafted. EO 500-B liberalized the Philippine sky. allowing unrestricted entree to Diosdado Macapagal ( Clark ) International Airport and Subic International Airport to all foreign bearers without any demand for authorities appellation or bilateral air understandings. Now. President Benigno Aquino III upholds the execution of the Pocket Open Sky Policy. On March 14. 2011. he signed and issued two new Executive Orders. 28 A ; 29. EO 28 restructures the Philippine Air Negotiating Panel and the Philippine Air Consultation Panel. EO 29. harmonizing to Pres. Aquino. will ‘give teeth’ to EO 219 signed by former President Ramos. Harmonizing to Philippine Civil Aeronautics Board ( CAB ) Executive Director Carmelo Arcilla. EO 29 purposes to ‘attract operators and promote direct services to our developmental paths. ’ EO 29 allows the Philippine air council to allow 3rd. 4th and 5th freedom rights to foreign bearers without bounds on capacity. frequence and type of aircraft and other agreements to and from any of the country’s secondary gateways. every bit long as it serves national involvement. Secondary gateways are those international airdromes aside from NAIA that have Customs Immigration Quarantine Services ( CIQS ) facilties. Harmonizing to the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines. there are 9 airdromes ( NAIA excluded ) with CIQS installations. They are the Kalibo International Airport ( Aklan ) . Subic Bay International Airport ( Bataan ) . Mactan International Airport ( Cebu ) . Francisco Bangoy International Airport ( Davao del Sur ) . Laoag International Airport ( Ilocos Norte ) . Diosdado Macapagal International Airport ( Clark Field. Pampanga ) . Puerto Princesa International Airport ( Palawan ) . General Santos International Airport ( South Cotabato ) . and Zamboanga International Airport ( Zamboanga del Sur ) . Upon execution of the pocket unfastened skies policy. any air hose from any state can run in any of the abovementioned secondary gateways. Likewise. the country’s local air hoses can besides run in the same manner as the foreign air hoses. This will so beef up the country’s touristry due to the addition of visitants traveling in and out of the state. In malice of the obvious advantage of the unfastened sky. local air hose operators are protesting against it. They say that the Philippines is non yet up for the unfastened sky and that it would kill the local air hose industry. The inquiries now are. ‘Is the Philippines ready for the Pocket Open Sky? ’ and ‘What would the new policy contribute to the local touristry industry? ’ This paper will indicate out the different factors that show whether the Philippines is ready or non. This will besides include the pros and cons of the Pocket Open Sky Policy in the touristry industry of the state and the impact of the policy’s blessing or refusal in the country’s touristry. First off. let’s start by reciting the grounds why the Philippines is ready for the new policy. One of the statements back uping the executing of EO 29 is that there is a batch of possible demand for air travel in the state. Harmonizing to SEAIR CEO and AIT Professor Avelino Zapanta. out of 100 million Filipinos. merely 16 million are going. The staying 84 million Filipinos are the mark of the unfastened sky policy. With more than ? of the population of the state non going. there are more than adequate riders for the domestic and international air hoses who wish to carry on concern in the state. Therefore. local industries will non decease merely because of the policy. They will if they choose non to vie with foreign air hoses and if they opt to go on carry oning concern as they do now. With high monetary values. low quality service. and hapless installations. no admiration travelers will take other air hoses. Besides. because of the Fourth and Fifth Air Freedom. the market of local air hoses additions. If the policy is implemented. local air hoses can besides provide to foreign travelers. hence increasing their market size. Besides. out of the 10 international airdromes in the state. likely merely about 2 or 3 of them are being to the full utilized. The remainder are left underused or non used at all. The financess used in constructing and installations inside these substructures are every bit good as otiose money. But with the Open Sky Policy. these substructures can be utilized. supplying occupations for the locals and lending to the income generated from touristry. Another factor that makes the Philippines ready for Open Sky is the increasing investings coming in from abroad. Since the economic system of the state is still endeavoring despite the planetary economic crisis. a batch of investors are attracted to put in the Philippines. They capitalize on tourism-related concerns and constitutions like hotels. resorts. and the similar. With the Open Sky Policy. even more foreign investors will be enticed to see and put in the Philippines because this policy will assist heighten the touristry industry of the state. doing it a safe and profit-generating investing. Though it may look the Philippines is ready to follow the Open Sky Policy. there still some factors that make reviews raise a forehead and inquiry this logical thinking. One of the claims against Open Sky Policy is that the country’s installations and equipment is nowhere near the installations of other states. Take the airdromes. for illustration. Compared to the well-funded and well-maintained airdromes of other states. the Philippine’s chief international airdrome. Ninoy Aquino International Airport ( NAIA ) Terminal 1. was constructed manner back in the seventiess. Since the airdrome contributes to the visitors’ first feeling about the finish. rusty chairs and leaking ceilings would decidedly non ensue in a positive impression. NAIA Terminal 1 besides faces a batch of issues such as safety. deficiency of comfy seating. ill-mannered forces. hostile security. hapless installations. and graft. These issues placed NAIA Terminal 1 as the figure one worst airdrome in Asia and the world’s fifth for 2010. In position of that. if even the country’s chief international hub has meagre characteristics. what do the secondary airdromes have? The presence of CIQS installations does non do these secondary gateways capable and up to the criterions to be functioning flights. particularly international 1s. Because of such issues and based on the conditions of the country’s touristry constitutions. it is undetermined if the Philippines has what it takes to vie on the same land as other states. It is besides dubious whether taking the limitations to foreign air hoses are truly a good thought. If. nevertheless. despite the hapless status of the Philippine airdromes. tourers took the come-on of the policy and started coming into the state. another issue arises: Will the Philippines be able to set to the sudden inflow of tourers? Let’s take Bali for illustration. the same illustration used by former DOT Secretary Alberto Lim when he talked about Open Sky. Harmonizing to Lim. the Indonesian authorities constructed huge roads in Bali to pull tourer but it is merely until they adopted the unfastened sky policy did tourers get down spurting in. In this illustration. it may look as if Indonesia is all up for unfastened sky but there are really some Indonesians who are non for the unfastened sky. They argued that they are non yet ready for it since they have to first better their airdromes and other touristry substructures if they don’t want foreign air power participants to look down upon them. The same is true for the Philippines. NAIA 1 is manner worse than Jakarta International Airport but their locals think they need to better their substructures foremost before embarking for an unfastened sky. The Philippines needs a batch more betterment compared to Bali. Indonesia. If Indonesians think they are non ready for the unfastened sky policy yet. why would the Philippines think they are ready? If the Philippines truly make program to hold an Open Sky Policy. the authorities should foremost concentrate on edifice and bettering touristry substructures and constitution that will suit future tourers. Upgrading and heighten ing the touristry supply should be accomplished foremost for without these. the Open Sky Policy will non win. Besides. one of the grounds why the state is non yet ready for the unfastened sky lies on the local bearers. They refuse to vie with other air hoses. Unlike Malayan Airlines who ventured to experiment new flight paths. the country’s local bearers prefer to lodge with the traditional. trusting on business communities who often travel for their ain concerns. They do non desire to seek things that will non harvest a definite result that will be good to them. Alternatively of puting on prospective paths. they would instead prevail with the usual channel that will perfectly convey them gross. Another statement on the preparedness of the Philippines for the unfastened sky policy concerns the confidence of tourer reachings. Implementing the Open Sky Policy does non guarantee that more tourers will come to the state. There is no warrant that ‘opening the sky’ will do tourers take Philippines over any other finish. sing the issues and concerns faced by the state. The Open Sky Policy. when applied. will hold a enormous consequence on the Philippines air power industry. Be it positive or negative. it is a given that the air travel in the state will neer be the same one time the Open Sky Policy is adopted. One of the disadvantages of the Open Sky Policy is related to the direction of natural resources in the state. Since there will be no bound on the capacity or frequence of flights when the new policy is implemented. there might be a instance where a finish is flooded with tourers. And with the sudden influx of tourers. locals and people making concern in the said finish may utilize up all their resources without believing because they want to provide to the demands of their invitees. They will non be able to pull off their assets good because they are overwhelmed by the sum of tourers in the country. Topographic points like these will endure from unsustainable touristry in the close hereafter. Another negative consequence of the unfastened sky will be air congestion. The Open Sky Policy may do ‘traffic in the air’ a world. There will decidedly be air congestion in the state since more air hoses will be landing and taking off. This will besides take to more pandemonium and break of flights in airdromes like NAIA that are already over utilised. The Filipino air space will besides go prone to more air accidents because of the huge sum of aircrafts vibrating in it. But. as a priest one time said. ‘there is ever something positive that will come out of something negative. ’ Therefore. the Philippines will besides profit on the new policy. On the positive side. the Open Sky Policy will promote competition. With the new policy. more air hoses will be able to entree the Philippines. And since local bearers would non desire to lose their market. they would contend against those foreign air hoses by either take downing their ticket monetary values or by bettering the quality of the service they are rendering. Either manner. the 1s profiting are the tourers and the locals. With cheaper menus and improved service. more tourers will be attracted to come to the state. International tourers will hold a greater opportunity of traveling to the Philippines because more air hoses will be holding Philippines as portion of their path. Domestic touristry will besides increase because more people will able to go more often because menus are cheaper. Even people who have neer travelled earlier will be able to go now because of lower monetary values. A wider scope of picks and travel chances is a large factor for people who are going. Open Sky Policy besides helps in distributing out the tourers within the state. Since the new policy pushes for the usage of the secondary gateways in the state. congestion in Manila will diminish. Air and noise pollution in Metro Manila will besides diminish. Aside from the environmental benefit from it. distributing out the tourers into different parts of the state besides helps in exposing the unobserved beauty of seldom visited topographic points. The Philippines will besides derive economically from the new policy because of the free market of merchandises. Since any air hose can set down in any of the country’s international airdrome without bounds on frequence or capacity. more merchandises and ladings can be transported into the state. Besides. with the lifting of duties and other add-on costs. there will be a freer flow of trade between the Philippines and other states. All the above-named scenarios are about the Open Sky Policy being implemented but what if the policy is blocked? What if the resistance succeeded and the policy is discontinued by the authorities? What would go on to the air power industry of the state? Well. for one. PAL will stay the biggest and most powerful air hose in the state. Ticket monetary values will go on to lift unreasonably and services offered will be every bit icky as usual. The Philippines will hold to be contented with holding a upper limit of around 5 billion one-year gross from the country’s 5 air hoses. go oning to dawdle behind the neighboring Southeast Asiatic states. If the authorities truly wants to better the touristry of the state. Open Sky is non the lone option. The job is that the people involved in the air power industry do non develop or better their services and installations unless the demand arises. Sometimes. for things to better. a 3rd party demands to demo you what you need to better. Without the intercession of the said 3rd party. things will remain the same. At times. competition and the fright of losing besides act as a good motive for betterment. The same thing applies to the air hose industry. Before the authorities develops the airdrome substructure and installations. other states must foremost state them that they have the worst airdrome in the full Asiatic continent. For air hoses to better their installations and services. foreign air hoses must first demo them what they lack. And. with the fright of losing to other bearers. they will heighten and work on their defects. With this sort of outlook in the Philippines. Open Sky will decidedly be needed to assist force the state for the better. Mentions: Bordadora. Norman. â€Å"Aquino marks EO to follow ‘open skies’ policy† . Filipino Daily Inquirer. 2011. 03. 18. Gamboa. Ray. â€Å"Are we ready for ASEAN unfastened sky? † The Filipino Star. 2011. 05. 16. Roa. Ana Mae. â€Å"Pocket unfastened skies. readied† . Business World. 2011. 01. 05. Rodis. Rodel. â€Å"Open Sky won’t solve the problem† . Filipino Daily Inquirer. 2010. 12. 02. Xinhua. â€Å"Phl to follow pocket unfastened skies policy† . The Filipino Star. 2011. 01. 04. Xinhua. â€Å"Philippines adopts implementing regulations on unfastened skies policy† . People’s Daily. 2011. 05. 06. â€Å"NAIA TERMINAL 1 FIFTH WORST AIRPORT IN THE WORLD ACCORDING TO ‘THE GUIDE TO SLEEPING IN AIRPORTS. † PinoyHalo. 2011. 04. 13.

Why I liked the movie In and Out Essay Example For Students

Why I liked the movie In and Out Essay Nadine Esparza10/5/00ENG. 1A TH 6-9The idea of a man coming to terms with his sexuality is always one that is relevant in our American culture. Its sad to know that in this day in age of advanced technology on society will always be hung up of the life style and preference of other individuals. In And Out as a movie did a good job at addressing this issue and making it light hearted enough for people to see, and possibly under stand. Im sure that we all known some one in some way that weve thought to be homosexual: or at least weve considered them to be Feminine for a guy or to Masculine for a girl. With this we have our doubts.With this movie taking place in a Typical suburban city it gives every one a chance to relate with the characters, from the high schools students all the way to the elderly grand parents. This allows the main character to touch the lives of every one. It also shows a little of why he cannot admit to himself his sexuality. He lives his entire life trying to live up to expectations of his community. However he doses know that within his true self needs to escape and some time dose, with his fascination for Barbara Strisand and other typical homosexual interest. However he miserably fails the man requirements but dose make the scene very funny. We will write a custom essay on Why I liked the movie In and Out specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Howard, the movies main character is engaged to a beautiful woman, who becomes confused about her fiance when the first accusation of Howards homosexuality comes out. Howard is a school teacher but when the roomer starts his students dont know how to react, they dont know if its True or not However a few of them are mature enough to still accept and appreciate the help he has given them through the years. From helping them with schoolwork to helping them get to college, his good natured heart never lets them down. Howards mother is typical of most mothers in the way shes so adamant about, how she wants to see a big wedding before she dies. This is also another reason Howard attempts to oppress his sexuality. He feels that he must give his parents what they want. This is some thing that I am sure most of us can all relate too. Howard starts to become questionable even to him self. He seeks the advice of his local church clergyman who asks about his sex life with his fiance. When its reveled that they been together three years with no sex the priest even thinks Howard is gay. He recommends that Howard run home and Take her. Even though he claims he is old fashioned and he wants to wait till after the wedding. He tries to do so but doses not succeed. This is another example of him hiding his identity as well as adding to his own personal confusion. As Howards uncertainty builds he becomes a nervous wreck; his community starts to ostracize him. The pressure from his wedding is rising, then at the most awkward time one of his close friend admits that he him self is gay to Howard. As Howard tries to explain his story and his reasons his friend kisses Howard. Inflicting an even greater confusion within him. Ultimately on his wedding day Howard finally realized and admits his homosexuality. Unfortunately its at the altar in front of every one. After his Coming out its when every thing crashes down. With this incident you can almost imagine the shock every one is feeling. It shows the awkwardness one faces, as well as the surprise to every one else. .u60283ef691642f8c2f8a723b8b9c964f , .u60283ef691642f8c2f8a723b8b9c964f .postImageUrl , .u60283ef691642f8c2f8a723b8b9c964f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u60283ef691642f8c2f8a723b8b9c964f , .u60283ef691642f8c2f8a723b8b9c964f:hover , .u60283ef691642f8c2f8a723b8b9c964f:visited , .u60283ef691642f8c2f8a723b8b9c964f:active { border:0!important; } .u60283ef691642f8c2f8a723b8b9c964f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u60283ef691642f8c2f8a723b8b9c964f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u60283ef691642f8c2f8a723b8b9c964f:active , .u60283ef691642f8c2f8a723b8b9c964f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u60283ef691642f8c2f8a723b8b9c964f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u60283ef691642f8c2f8a723b8b9c964f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u60283ef691642f8c2f8a723b8b9c964f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u60283ef691642f8c2f8a723b8b9c964f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u60283ef691642f8c2f8a723b8b9c964f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u60283ef691642f8c2f8a723b8b9c964f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u60283ef691642f8c2f8a723b8b9c964f .u60283ef691642f8c2f8a723b8b9c964f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u60283ef691642f8c2f8a723b8b9c964f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: State Laws EssayFinally every one shows their support for Howard by trying to help him retain his position as a teacher, and respecting his choice. Unfortunately life is not a movie. The out come is not always the same. People do not always understand. Sadly people live their entire lives trying to make others happy and in doing so loose track of their own happiness. I think In And Out was able to show some of the tribulations people go through when they are confused with sexuality. The movie showed us what to expect, and allowed us to laugh at our selves, and maybe under stand others better. Bibliography:

Writers Paradise essays

Writers Paradise essays In Sarah Gillers article, Graffiti: Inscribing Transgression on the urban landscape, she asserts her views on the topic of graffiti. Giller believes that graffiti is an art of letters that beautifies the urban landscape, even though others argue graffiti is a society defacing crime that needs to be stopped immediately. Graffiti is an arrangement of illicit marks attempting to establish some sort of coherent composition. Such marks are made by an individual or individuals (not generally professional artists) upon a wall or other surface that is usually visually accessible to the public. There are three different styles of graffiti, tags, throw-ups, and, pieces. Tags are names quickly composed on practically any surface and hold the least amount of credibility. Throw-ups are names that can be quickly done in bubble letters overlapping each other and hold a higher amount of credibility than tags. Lastly, pieces, are the most elaborate and involved style of graffiti, combining words with figures over a great amount of space to create the most admired type of graffiti. Giller explains that the motive of the teens is to establish a name which sets them apart form other writers. The name of a writer is a self-choosen name or term fixed on how the writer wants to be noticed by his peers. By bombing (writing on) as many sites as possible an individual gains the recognition and respect of other writers. Despite the overwhelming popularity of graffiti amongst teens, the general public views graffiti as a disrespectful sign of vandalism. Giller illustrates in her article that government officials have made unbelievable efforts to obliterate this problem; however, the effort exerted by city officials to assail against graffiti has been pitifully ineffective. Giller views graffiti as an art of letters and beautification of the landscape, I only partially agree with Giller; I believe some graffiti is an ...

The Domestication of Sesame Seed - Ancient Gift from Harappa

The Domestication of Sesame Seed - Ancient Gift from Harappa Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is the source of edible oil, indeed, one of the oldest oils in the world, and an important ingredient in bakery foods and animal feed. A member of the family Pedaliaceae, sesame oil is also used in many health cure products; sesame seed contains 50-60% oil and 25% protein with antioxidant lignans. Today, sesame seeds are widely cultivated in Asia and Africa, with major production regions in Sudan, India, Myanmar and China. Sesame was first used in flour and oil production during the Bronze Age, and incense lamps containing sesame pollen have been found at Iron Age Salut in the Sultanate of Oman. Wild and Domesticated Forms Identifying wild from domesticated sesame is somewhat difficult, in part because sesame isnt completely domesticated: people have not been able to specifically time the maturing of the seed. The capsules split open during the maturing process, leading to varying degrees of seed loss and unripe harvesting. This also makes it likely that spontaneous populations will establish themselves around cultivated fields. The best candidate for sesames wild progenitor is S. mulayaum Nair, which is found in populations in western South India and elsewhere in south Asia. The earliest reported sesame discovery is in the Indus Valley civilization site of Harappa, within the mature Harappan phase levels of mound F, dated between 2700 and 1900 BC. A similarly dated seed was discovered at the Harappan site of Miri Qalat in Baluchistan. Many more instances are dated to the second millennium BC, such as Sangbol, occupied during the late Harappan phase in Punjab, 1900-1400 BC). By the second half of the second millennium BC, sesame cultivation was widespread in the Indian subcontinent. Outside the Indian Subcontinent Sesame was disbursed to Mesopotamia before the end of the third millennium BC, presumably through trade networks with Harappa. Charred seeds were discovered at Abu Salabikh in Iraq, dated to 2300 BC, and linguists have argued that the Assyrian word shamas-shamme and the earlier Sumerian word she-gish-i may refer to sesame. These words are found in texts dated to as early as 2400 BC. By about 1400 BC, sesame was cultivated in middle Dilmun sites in Bahrain. Although earlier reports exist in Egypt, perhaps as early as the second millennium BC, the most credible reports are finds from the New Kingdom including Tutankhamens tomb, and a storage jar at Deir el Medineh (14th-century BC). Apparently, the spread of sesame into Africa outside of Egypt occurred no earlier than about AD 500. Sesame was brought to the United States by enslaved people from Africa. In China, the earliest evidence comes from textual references that date to the Han Dynasty, about 2200 BP. According to the classic Chinese herbal and medical treatise called the Standard Inventory of Pharmacology, compiled about 1000 years ago, sesame was brought from the West by Qian Zhang during the early Han dynasty. Sesame seeds were also discovered at the Thousand Buddha Grottoes in the Turpan region, about AD 1300. Sources This article is a part of the About.com guide to the Plant Domestication, and the Dictionary of Archaeology. Abdellatef E, Sirelkhatem R, Mohamed Ahmed MM, Radwan KH, and Khalafalla MM. 2008. Study of genetic diversity in Sudanese sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) germplasm using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. African Journal of Biotechnology 7(24):4423-4427. Ali GM, Yasumoto S, and Seki-Katsuta M. 2007. Assessment of genetic diversity in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) detected by Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism markers. Electronic Journal of Biotechnology 10:12-23. Bedigan D. 2012. African origins of sesame cultivation in the Americas. In: Voeks R, and Rashford J, editors. African Ethnobotany in the Americas. New York: Springer. p 67-120. Bellini C, Condoluci C, Giachi G, Gonnelli T, and Mariotti Lippi M. 2011. Interpretative scenarios emerging from plant micro- and macroremains in the Iron Age site of Salut, Sultanate of Oman. Journal of Archaeological Science 38(10):2775-2789. Fuller DQ. 2003. Further evidence on the prehistory of sesame. Asian Agri-History 7(2):127-137. Ke T, Dong C-h, Mao H, Zhao Y-z, Liu H-y, and Liu S-y. 2011. Construction of a Normalized Full-Length cDNA Library of Sesame Developing Seed by DSN and SMARTâ„ ¢. Agricultural Sciences in China 10(7):1004-1009. Qiu Z, Zhang Y, Bedigian D, Li X, Wang C, and Jiang H. 2012. Sesame Utilization in China: New Archaeobotanical Evidence from Xinjiang. Economic Botany 66(3):255-263.

Satisfaction Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Satisfaction - Research Paper Example â€Å"The workforce in the health sector has specific features that cannot be ignored and motivation can play an integral role in many of the compelling challenges facing healthcare today† (Lambrou, Kontodimopoulos, and Niakas, 2010). The manager of the hospital or the health care center assumes the prime responsibility for keeping the nurses satisfied, because the performance of the organization as a whole is directly linked with the individualistic and collective performance of the nurses. This research was conducted with an intention of identifying ways to satisfy the nurses. Patient care is one of the most sensitive tasks that need to be dealt with immense delicacy and prudence because it not only involves dealing with people’s emotions along with taking care of their health but also has the potential to affect the public image of the hospital or the health care center for better or worse depending upon the quality of patient care delivered in it. Among the issues a manager of a hospital or a health care center is exposed to, two of the prime issues include late arrival of nurses, and shortage of nurses when they are needed on urgent basis. The patient care is scheduled and everything works according to a plan. In such circumstances, late arrival of nurses disturbs the schedule which causes the issues of time management to surface. At the end of the day, this behavior of nurses incurs the hospital many indirect costs, which reduce the profitability of business. On the other hand, shortage of nurses when they are needed on urgent basis is very dep ressing for the managers and administrators and it also brings a bad name to the organization. Rewarding the employees is fundamental to help them maintain a high self-esteem at the work place and keep their motivation for work high, and the same rule applies on the nurses. Nurses need to be rewarded in order to be satisfied enough to deliver their best

Comparing handwashing techniques - microbiology Essay

Comparing handwashing techniques - microbiology - Essay Example coli K 12 colony count before and after the hand washing, E.coli K12 strain being the indicator organism used in the study. In normal hand wash, the reduction factor was found to vary from 2.4 - 4.18 where as in case of NHS hand wash the value ranges from 0.86 – 2.91. The average reduction factor was found to be higher in case of the NHS hand wash. NHS protocol of hand rubbing for 30 seconds was found very effective in bringing down the microbial load of the hands. The major objective of the study was to compare the normal hand washing techniques with that of NHS standard techniques (in accordance with BS EN 1500). Assessment was based on the E.coli count before and after the hand washing. E.coli normal inhabitants of the normal intestine and they are excreted out in large numbers to the outside through human faeces. Presence of E.coli is thus an indication of feacal contamination of the concerned food item or object by means of insects or human hands. Adequate hand hygiene is the most effective method of preventing infection in hospitals, homes and workplaces. Health care related problems has been in the air for the past two decades with an alarming rate of nosocomial infections. The public concern on hand hygiene has stimulated a review of the scientific data regarding the same and the development of new guidelines designed to improve hand-hygiene practices in health-care facilities. Proper hand washing using detergents like soap was considered as a criteria of personal hygiene since olden days. In 1843, Oliver Wendwell Holmes brought to light the reason for perpural fever found in parturient women as improper hand hygiene of health professionals. The Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC) in the year 1995 recommended that either antimicrobial soap or a waterless antiseptic agent should be used for cleaning hands upon leaving the rooms of patients with multidrug-resistant pathogens like vancomycin-resistant

Budgeting Process Is a Waste of Time and Valuable Resources Essay Example for Free

Budgeting Process Is a Waste of Time and Valuable Resources Essay A budget is a plan for financing an enterprise or government during a definite period, which is prepared and submitted by a responsible executive to a representative body (or other duly constituted agent) whose approval and authorization are necessary before the plan may be executed. In the case of Uganda, it is a financing plan for one year prepared by the president and approved by Parliament. Some scholars have argued that budgets are a waste of time and valuable resources. But this statement is not entirely true as the budget process has some very useful roles in public administration as shown below;- Financial control. Government needs to be able to exercise control over the ministries and departs i. e. to make sure that the ministries are keeping to plan and that necessary actions can be taken to put them back on track when needed. Government needs to have control tools to make sure that financial plans and targets are being achieved, and the best tool is the budget. The budget is a plan set out in numbers, which enables the government to exercise control. The difference between what is budgeted to happen and what actually happens is termed a variance. A favorable variance means that ministry or department is doing well while an adverse variance shows those that are not. Allocation of scarce resources. One of the biggest tasks of government is the allocation of scare resources. This is often done through the budget. Resource allocation refers to the distribution of resources, and in particular finance, from the center to peripheral levels. Because the budgetary process is often participatory, it enable the various ministries and local governments to identify their needs and present them to the centre. Programme Coordination. The budget process serves very well to coordinate government departments and ministries. It is at this budget process that the government can get to know who is doing what and at what cost. Government can for example be able to tell that water for irrigation has been covered under the Ministry of Agriculture and should therefore be omitted from the Ministry of Water and Environment. Communication. The public budget serves as a communication tool to a variety of audiences. The general public, civil society, and legislators all receive information from the budget process. Once the budget has been approved by the legislature and signed into law, the ministries and other agencies become the information recipients. Importantly, each of these actors perceives the budget differently. Budget also communicates upwards. Ministries and various agencies must prepare a budget that persuades the president that they support him and his manifesto. At this level of the process, the information in the budget document must explain why a program deserves continued support, how it meets the president’s policy priorities, and how well it is using the resources it has been given. After a ministry budget has been incorporated into the national budget the primary audience for communicating information shifts from the executive to the legislative branch of government. The primary goal at this stage is to provide information to legislature with the recommendations and analysis that serve as the basis for their decisions. Perhaps the most important purpose for public budgeting is to communicate a ministry’s intentions and performance to the citizens. The media also plays a major role in presenting budgets to the citizens. The key events in the budget processes and budget documents must serve to support a mass communication task. Successful communication helps to build legitimacy for the government and its programs. Budgeting as a Governing Tool. Public budgeting has become an increasingly central galvanizing force for both the administrative and policy side of governance. This process begins with the preparation of program-level, agency-level, and then ministry-level requests for the coming fiscal year. This budget process presents a political platform for the selection of policy choices and for the allocation of resources to support those choices. The development of a national budget provides the foundation from which to organize a coordinated response to these complex problems and needs. Financial Accountability. Reflecting its roots, the budget process provides the tools to ensure financial accountability. Legislative oversight and audit functions are important activities that provide an opportunity for ministries to demonstrate that they have complied with legislative directives. This compliance provides assurances to both elected officials and to the public that the ministry and its programs are serving the public interest. Influence on the Economy . The spending and taxation policies of the central government and local governments have economic impact. Of course, the central government, with its sh11 trillion for 2012/2013 has far more impact on the economy than billions the local governments spend. From an economist’s point of view, the budget serves the following combination of economic objectives: * funds social service programs for those in need, thus increasing the demand for private sector goods and services; * reflects tax policy that affects business and individuals; * reflects and funds the enforcement of commercial, transportation, land use and environmental regulations that affect the business climate; * funds education and other training programs that enhance the country’s human and economic resources; * funds routine purchases (like stationary) and capital projects (like Bujagali dam) that stimulate economic activity; * serves to redistribute wealth across the country’s residents; and * Supports the government as the largest single employer. Public Budgeting as Political tool. The budget process presents a series of opportunities for elected officials and interest groups. The perspectives and needs of elected officials and interest groups may fr equently contrast with the values and hopes of most public administrators. Understanding these contrasting needs is a useful key to understanding the budget process. Elected officials must respond to their constituent’s needs and demonstrate a record of leadership. MPs must demonstrate an ability to use government to solve problems in their constituencies. Survival of an MP rests on this ability. In contrast, civil servants often rely on public service and professional values to guide their sense of action and accomplishment. For example, at the ministry of finance, the minister (who is not elected) and budget analysts are primarily committed to acquiring the resources necessary to maintain the efficient and effective delivery of programs, not delivering on promises to constituents. The budget process provides leadership opportunities to bridge and reconcile these competing perspectives. The promises of an election campaign must be quickly translated into policies and programs. Campaign goals and visions must be translated into legislation and directives that can reform and reorient the ministries. The budget also provides an opportunity for the executive to engage with the legislature. When executive and legislative branches are divided, compromise is usually necessary to meet the constitutional duty shared by the Executive and legislative branches i. e the president must present a budget to the legislature and the parliament is constitutionally required to enact a budget. Waste of time. On many instances, however, budgets may appear of a waste of time when they are not adhered too. In Uganda for example, The Monitor newspaper reported that the budget for Sate House had jumped from Shs66. 1 billion approved in September last year to Shs204. 4 billion. On the day to day running, there always unforeseen consequences that governments have to cater for and often need extra resources beyond what is budgeted for. An example in Uganda was the Bududa landslides, In the US we have seen incidences such Hurricane Katrina that devastated New Orleans in 2005. But that is only a perception. Budgets play a very big role in public management and administration.

Essay --

Risks Summary This case is about the aggressive price behavior of the TA Orange that has recently been in the joint venture with other Thai companies. Risks The risks that TA Orange faces while entering in to the Thai market are as follows: Lower profit margin risks Shareholders’ risk Increased competition in the market risk and market saturation risk As the joint venture between TelecomAsia-Orange and Thai companies CP Group and TelecomAsia and France's Orange SA adapted the strategy of aggressive price-cutting strategy aimed at picking up a million subscribers in 2002. This strategy has increased the risk of price wars between the service providers and as experts like J. P. Morgan points out, this would let them lower their profit margins, and eventually this price war would end up eroding all the profits that was initially intended. As indicated â€Å"all of this threatens to erode margins across the board, analysts warn, with the prospect of declining handset sales cast ing particularly long shadows over the profit profile at AIS. Last year, AIS derived nearly 35% of its net profit f...

Much ado about nothing presentation of women in the play

In the play the way the characters Interact with each other Is somewhat dependent on class, however largely dependent on gender. A general theme in the play is that the male characters often see the women as deceivers â€Å"trust none† and almost expect them to cheat, resulting in many a Joke based on becoming a cuckold. The plot, women being slandered by mischief-makers whose lover or husband is led to believe she has been unfaithful to him can give us an idea of Shakespearean view (someone who lived In a society where women were submissive to men) as he uses a similar plot again in three more plays including Othello.In Shakespearean comedy there is always confusion, in this case with many mistakes, but ends with it being put back together again (at a wedding) reinforcing that a stereotypical man should have a woman at his side. When looking at the presentation of women in the play, the two significant female characters: Beatrice and Hero, appear to be on the opposite side of the stereotypical spectrum. Beatrice, possibly the most intriguing character in the whole play, speaks and behaves with more than usual freedom.She Is unique as she not only possess a brain, but delights in the use of it, presenting a challenge to all the ale characters. She behaves far from the typical Elizabethan woman emphasized in ACTA scenes where in response to Elongates wish for Beatrice to get married she proclaims she will not be fitted with a husband â€Å"till god make men of some other mettle than earth. † In complete contrast, Hero does not take Beatrice advice to wait and â€Å"let him be a handsome fellow,† she Is completely submissive to her father and doesn't even get to respond In the play.As the reader can see, marriage Is a central part of the play and the way the character's approach marriage can give us a real insight into the presentation of women. I have already mentioned Beatrice talks about being â€Å"fitted† with a husband, this is a notion which suggests that in the play marriage was seen as the woman giving herself to the man. When Beatrice professes her love for Benedict he says that he will â€Å"stop her mouth† with a kiss, showing a man expects to almost â€Å"tame† a woman and she Is expected to be submissive to him.The idea of a woman being completely submissive to their husband Is presented when Hero and Ursula describe Beatrice â€Å"wild spirits† to be â€Å"caught† for Benedict. This suggests that she is now at Benedicts disposal and has almost become his pet. Despite Beatrice reversal in her views on marriage, she had to be tamed to conform to society. Hero however, who is depicted as the model women in the play, is quite happy to marry Claudio despite being â€Å"wooed† by Don Pedro.This presents the socially accepted women as people who are almost thankful to be noticed by men and are quite happy to agree to any proposal they might have. The contrast between Her o and Beatrice highlights the effect of a dominant male in Elizabethan society. Hero has to conform to her father who insists she get married. However, Beatrice does not have a father present in Messing at the time and therefore is not under pressure to marry a man leaving it up to her own discretion.This highlights how women are presented as the object which fathers use to Increase the social standing fact all men that see women as objects. Claudio uses the metaphor â€Å"rotten orange† to describe Hero. In today's society one would expect the orange would represent her beauty on the outside and the sweetness of her character on the inside. However, as she was described as rotten, the inside of the orange for Claudio represented Hero's chastity. This suggests that the most important thing for a man was a woman's beauty and chastity not her character, reinforcing the presentation of women as objects.As does the fact that Don Pedro â€Å"wooed† Hero and then after winni ng Hero over passed her over to Claudio as if it did not matter that she has been tricked. Women as deceivers— Margaret Links to not having a father Links to cuckolding , perhaps showing us how it was an accepted thing for women to be almost controlled by their father and even for them to dictate to whom a women would get married to (as if the father uses their daughter of a way of increasing the social tanning of their family name).This is slightly ironic as later in the play Beatrice herself is said to be â€Å"caught† for Benedict by Hero and Ursula after they compared her spirit to a â€Å"haggard of the rock† and she decides to bind their love in a â€Å"holy band,† both the catching of an animal and a band suggests that the marriage may be restrictive and she will be â€Å"tamed† and domesticated by Benedict as Hero is by her father.Beatrice reversal stems from over hearing a conversation where she finds out that her wit seems not to be appre ciated â€Å"mock me into air. † She is forced to liaise that it is not the way other women think she should behave and it doesn't gain her popularity â€Å"no glory lives behind the back of such† for behaving in this manner.The tone â€Å"taming my wild heart† in which she speaks in what may be called her speech of reversal suggests that she understands this is the right way for a women to live her life and the very fact that she is thinking about marriage â€Å"holy band† even before it is confirmed that Benedict is actually in love with her suggests that for women in the play/at that time it was their ultimate goal to get married and all the dottiness about remaining a bachelor was a mask to cover up their true feelings hence the relief she feels when she finds out Benedicts love and possibly explains why their exchange at the masked ball was so fiery and aggressive, to cover (as a mask does) up their underlying love and wish to be married like society (Leona and Antonio) suggests. Despite previously saying that one could burn him at the â€Å"stake† and his views would remain, Benedict quickly changes heart to, â€Å"the world must be peopled. However, Benedicts speech is written in prose and is very matter of fact â€Å"l will be horribly in love with her. Unlike Beatrice where it is more romantic, showing how women are presented to be slightly softer romantics but it is the men â€Å"if I do not take pity on her I am a villain† who are expected to take in the woman. Throughout the play we also get a sense that the men see the women as deceivers â€Å"l will not do them the wrong to mistrust any, I will do myself the right to trust none† and almost expect them to cheat, shown by the fact that instead of a cuckold being a suggesting that it is somewhat a certainty that a wife will be unfaithful.When the bastard Don John, who is a self-professed â€Å"plain-dealing villain† slanders Hero, they re ver y quick to come up with the plan to disgrace her in front of the whole congregation, not try and speak with her and find out whether the allegations even have substance. The fact that Don Pedro and even Claudio (who was going to marry Hero) almost immediately believes in Don John (someone who admitted â€Å"you may think I love you not†) and even starts planning his revenge (possibly showing how the most important factor for a man was a woman's chastity due to the extreme nature of his revenge) on Hero shows that although it was a surprise it wasn't something which shocked the men and by agreeing to go to the window in the evening gives us he impression that they are expecting the evening to confirm what they have Just been told.The fact that the Claudio is so quick to entertain the idea that Hero has been unfaithful (foreshadowed in the party scene,) and men are so worried about becoming a cuckold could stem from marriages not possibly meaning as much in comparison to what t hey mean today. After all, it was Don Pedro that actually â€Å"wooed† Hero. This links to the fact that although the men often see the women as deceivers, the women (in this case Hero) seem to have to put up with the fact that Hero was manipulated by two men. Although, Hero seemed to be happy about the whole thing (or had to be under the influence of her father) again further suggesting that it was a women's goal to get married and it didn't particularly matter who it was to, Don Pedro or indeed Claudio.This suggests that it was somewhat a career option for a women hence why they may appear to become domesticated and this could also link to why men are so worried about being cuckolded because the pair decided to get married quickly â€Å"marry her tonight† without actually knowing each other really well. Claudio describes Hero as â€Å"a Jewel,† something which looks wonderful and is radar to find, by using a metaphor and describing her in this why suggests tha t Claudio may see Hero as an object to admire and possess, rather than someone to love. The fact that when he is denouncing her at the wedding he describes her as a â€Å"rotten orange,† you may think that an orange would be used to describe her beauty on the outside and her sweetness on the inside although actually the inside refers to her chastity once again showing us that looks and chastity are, in the eyes of men, more important than personality.Although, in response to how quick Claudio lives in the allegations, another interpretation may be that Shakespeare made his characters worried about others â€Å"the prince woes for himself† deceiving or betraying them no matter what gender and are Just generally susceptible to being caught out by a mischief maker shown when Don John manages to convince Claudio that he has heard Don Pedro â€Å"swear his affection† for Hero, this is a method Shakespeare used for comedic purposes. During the play it becomes apparent that a man places a great deal of importance on a woman's Chastity. Leona berates â€Å"do not pop thin eyes† Hero to the very point where he wishes her dead and wishes that she as not from his blood so he could say â€Å"no part of it is mine. † The metaphor where he says she has fallen into a â€Å"pit of ink† and there isn't enough drops of water in the sea to clean her emphasis that it is the highest of almost all offences.However, when the full story transpired and it became clear that it was in fact Margaret who and therefore different rules were applied for a different class of woman, suggesting that Chastity was a must in an upper class woman yet for men and woman of the lower classes it was more acceptable to entertain someone before marriage if they even get married at all. Although, the fact that Broacher, the very person that deceived the princes is the person that proves Margaret was not aware of the plot shows that even a lowly male servant, who h as committed a terrible crime still has the status in society to prove that Margaret was innocent. In the play it is not even mentioned that Margaret is at the wedding. As she does not speak up, it is either clear that she was not present or simply she would not be believed due to her gender and social standing.However, in Kenneth Branch film Margaret was present and the actor interpreted her face to look horrified, perhaps for Hero but also maybe suggesting that even a woman of lower class would find it horrific for her actions to come out in front of all the people present. Conclusion – modern interpretation better but still gender gap. Coalescence OF MARGE-RAT AND URSULA?class Leona- dogberry CONCLUSION– One of the most interesting ideas in the play is that the traditional couple are perhaps not really in love, but the odd couple are. –Beatrice most horrible line in play I. E market place The fact that a woman says it may show that actually woman are not much different to men who go off and fight a war it is Just society that stops them from doing it

Sense of Identity

Developing a sense of self entity is an essential part of every individual becoming a mature person. Each person's self-conception is a unique combination of much identification, identifications as broad as woman or man, Catholic or Muslim, or as narrow as being a member of one particular family. Although self-identity may seem to coincide with a particular human being, identities are actually much wider than that.They are also collective — identities extend to countries and ethnic communities, so that people feel injured when other persons sharing their identity are injured or killed. Sometimes people are even willing to sacrifice their individual lives to preserve their identity groups. The Australians Aboriginal sense of personal identity is derived from only one context, the idea of place. Negara, sense of place, is a word of great importance that contains both physical and metaphysical connotations.Unraveling these apparent contradictions reveals a distance dimension of t he Aboriginal world view and sense of identity. The entire earthly environment is ngurraI, or â€Å"country†, â€Å"camp†, or â€Å"place†, as made by the Ancestor Spirits. The colonization' of Australia by Europeans has caused a lot of problem for the local Aborigines. It drastically reduced their population, damaged ancient family ties, and removed thousands of Aboriginal people from the land they had lived on for centuries.In many cases, the loss of land can mean more than just physical displacement. Because land is so much connected to history and spirituality, the loss of it can lead to a loss of identity. The issue of Aboriginal identity only became an issue after white settlement. However, that is not to say that there was no cultural identity pre-colonization, but more that colonization was the cause of Aboriginal identity to be threatened. There are several ways in which the colonists imposed themselves on Aboriginal society.Firstly, when they arrived t hey needed land to settle on and this of course meant they would take land away from local Aborigines. This action displaced thousands of people from their homeland and severed their spiritual connection to the land. From this point on, the idea of Aboriginal identity was simultaneously created and put at risk. Without land and place to connect people to their heritage, Australian Aborigines were forced to search for other symbols of Aboriginality to provide them with a sense of identity. t is hard to calculate how many aboriginals children â€Å"†¦have been forcibly separated from their families and communities since the very first days of the European occupation of Australia† (Australian Human Rights Commission, 1997) but that it could sit at between one in three and one in ten in the period from 1910 until 1970. Numerous stories outlined in the report that the environments these children were forced into after being taken from their parents were far from acceptable.On e example is the story of Jennifer who was taken from her parents and taken to Cootamundra Home where â€Å"Some of the staff was cruel to the girls. Punishment was caning or belting and being locked in the box-room or the old morgue† (BTH, 1997). This story is not in isolation, there are others. In Paul’s case no one in his foster family ever acknowledged or discussed his heritage and he was left to feel different based the observation that his skin looked different; he was 18 before someone mentioned that he was of Aboriginal descent.The importance of identity for many aboriginal people seems to be recognized on a broader scale than in recent years. The negative media images which drew a direct line between Indigenous people and violence and alcohol have been replaced with more realistic images, depicting vibrant and diverse people and cultures. As well, the importance of ‘place’ would appear to be slowly acknowledged as critical to Indigenous peopleâ₠¬â„¢s sense of identity. Place is used here to describe a belonging to and knowledge of country and kinship to its people.This was denied to many Indigenous people due to the assimilation policies introduced in the 1940’s. Indigenous people lost contact with their families, with their land, with their very essence. Children were taken from their families to be institutionalized or fostered with Anglo Australians. Aboriginal people were forced from their country and moved onto reserves. Anglo Australians made all decisions for Indigenous people, (including who was or was not aboriginal! ) Sense of Identity Developing a sense of self entity is an essential part of every individual becoming a mature person. Each person's self-conception is a unique combination of much identification, identifications as broad as woman or man, Catholic or Muslim, or as narrow as being a member of one particular family. Although self-identity may seem to coincide with a particular human being, identities are actually much wider than that.They are also collective — identities extend to countries and ethnic communities, so that people feel injured when other persons sharing their identity are injured or killed. Sometimes people are even willing to sacrifice their individual lives to preserve their identity groups. The Australians Aboriginal sense of personal identity is derived from only one context, the idea of place. Negara, sense of place, is a word of great importance that contains both physical and metaphysical connotations.Unraveling these apparent contradictions reveals a distance dimension of t he Aboriginal world view and sense of identity. The entire earthly environment is ngurraI, or â€Å"country†, â€Å"camp†, or â€Å"place†, as made by the Ancestor Spirits. The colonization' of Australia by Europeans has caused a lot of problem for the local Aborigines. It drastically reduced their population, damaged ancient family ties, and removed thousands of Aboriginal people from the land they had lived on for centuries.In many cases, the loss of land can mean more than just physical displacement. Because land is so much connected to history and spirituality, the loss of it can lead to a loss of identity. The issue of Aboriginal identity only became an issue after white settlement. However, that is not to say that there was no cultural identity pre-colonization, but more that colonization was the cause of Aboriginal identity to be threatened. There are several ways in which the colonists imposed themselves on Aboriginal society.Firstly, when they arrived t hey needed land to settle on and this of course meant they would take land away from local Aborigines. This action displaced thousands of people from their homeland and severed their spiritual connection to the land. From this point on, the idea of Aboriginal identity was simultaneously created and put at risk. Without land and place to connect people to their heritage, Australian Aborigines were forced to search for other symbols of Aboriginality to provide them with a sense of identity. t is hard to calculate how many aboriginals children â€Å"†¦have been forcibly separated from their families and communities since the very first days of the European occupation of Australia† (Australian Human Rights Commission, 1997) but that it could sit at between one in three and one in ten in the period from 1910 until 1970. Numerous stories outlined in the report that the environments these children were forced into after being taken from their parents were far from acceptable.On e example is the story of Jennifer who was taken from her parents and taken to Cootamundra Home where â€Å"Some of the staff was cruel to the girls. Punishment was caning or belting and being locked in the box-room or the old morgue† (BTH, 1997). This story is not in isolation, there are others. In Paul’s case no one in his foster family ever acknowledged or discussed his heritage and he was left to feel different based the observation that his skin looked different; he was 18 before someone mentioned that he was of Aboriginal descent.The importance of identity for many aboriginal people seems to be recognized on a broader scale than in recent years. The negative media images which drew a direct line between Indigenous people and violence and alcohol have been replaced with more realistic images, depicting vibrant and diverse people and cultures. As well, the importance of ‘place’ would appear to be slowly acknowledged as critical to Indigenous peopleâ₠¬â„¢s sense of identity. Place is used here to describe a belonging to and knowledge of country and kinship to its people.This was denied to many Indigenous people due to the assimilation policies introduced in the 1940’s. Indigenous people lost contact with their families, with their land, with their very essence. Children were taken from their families to be institutionalized or fostered with Anglo Australians. Aboriginal people were forced from their country and moved onto reserves. Anglo Australians made all decisions for Indigenous people, (including who was or was not aboriginal! )

History of Hip-Hop essays

History of Hip-Hop essays As an art form, hip-hop is a very young phenomenon. Originating in the South Bronx in the late 70s/early 80s, hip-hop itself is only ca. 20 years old. However, despite its recent founding, it has become a tremendous influence on American culture and global culture as well. It has been a creative output for many people and gone down in history as one of the most important art forms to emerge in the last few decades. Hip-hop has borrowed from many earlier art forms, whether they be rock and roll, rt realize is that it has strong roots derived from past traditions such as slave music or even from the church. Slaves were for the most part unable to get ahold of instruments, thus using whatever they had in their hands to create a beat. Hip-hop is just the same, in that it is merely someone rhyming over a beat. In fact, during hip-hops earlier years, many people used their mouths to create a beat for someone else to rap over. This was dubbed the beatbox. Slave music is also reflected in raps subject matter. Many people who rhyme with their friends on streetcorners simply talk about whatever is on their mind through their music, whether it be a girl, their job or any other simple day to day thought. Slaves would do the same, singing about their thoughts, mostly though about going home and freedom. The idea of community, heavily evident in slave songs is also represented in hip-hop. During m any songs sung by slaves, during work for example, one person would begin and then another take over or someone else adding in their point of view. Many rappers do the same, beginning a rhyme in a circle of friends and then letting somebody else take over and finish it. Church music can be detected in hip-hop as well. A preacher, often times in a black church (which is generally more lively), would use call and response to involve ...

French Noun Endings Can Be a Telltale Sign of Gender

French Noun Endings Can Be a Telltale Sign of Gender French gender  is a headache for many students of French. Why is manteau masculine and montre feminine? Why is  tà ©moin  always masculine and  victime  always feminine? As vexing as this subject is for nonnative speakers, we simply have to accept that French gender is here to stay. In fact, consider yourself lucky that youre studying French; in German and Latin, for instance, youd have to learn three genders (masculine, feminine and neuter), and in still other languages, it gets even more complicated. It might help to know that grammatical  gender (what were discussing here) has nothing to do with natural gender, which is actual, physical gender of living beings. Linguist Andrew Livingston tells us grammatical gender is a way of classing nouns thats older than recorded history. Its deeply embedded in the DNA of an array of Indo-European languages that trace their lineage to a common ancestor, which probably needed to differentiate between the animate and the inanimate. In French, theres simply no way to know the gender of every single noun other than by memorizing the gender of each. There are, however, certain patterns in suffixes and word endings that are a tip-off. As you can see by the number of exceptions here, these gender patterns are not foolproof indicators, but they can help. Before we begin, a couple of notes: We try to list the most common and, thus, most useful exceptions; we avoid obscure exceptions. Also, to avoid confusion, we do not list  dual-gender nouns.   French Masculine Nouns Here are some suffixes that usually indicate masculine nouns, as well as some important exceptions. -ageExceptions: la cage, une image, la nage, la page, la plage, la rage -b -bleExceptions: une cible, une à ©table, une fable, une table -cException: la fac (apocope of la facultà ©) -cleException: une boucle -d -deExceptions: la bride, la merde, la mà ©thode, la pinà ¨de; -ade, -nde, -ude endings -à ©Exceptions: la clà ©, la psychà ©; sà ©, tà ©, and tià © endings -eauExceptions: leau, la peau -à ¨geException: la Norvà ¨ge -et -eurNote:  This applies mainly to names of professions and mechanical or scientific things; also see -eur in the list of feminine endings. -fExceptions: la soif, la clef, la nef -iExceptions: la foi, la fourmi, la loi, la paroi -ing -isme -k -lException: une roseval -mException: la faim -meExceptions: une alarme, une à ¢me, une arme, la cime, la coutume, la crà ¨me, là ©cume, une à ©nigme, une estime, une ferme, une firme, une forme, une larme, une plume, une rame, une rime, -mme ending -mentException: une jument -nExceptions: la faà §on, la fin, la leà §on, la main, la maman, la ranà §on; -son and -ion endings -oExceptions: la dactylo, la dynamo, la libido, la mà ©tà ©o, la moto, la steno (most of these are apocopes of longer feminine words) -oir -one -ou -p -rExceptions: la chair, la cour, la cuiller, la mer, la tour (see feminine -eur) -sExceptions: la brebis, la fois, une oasis, la souris, la vis -steExceptions: la liste, la modiste, la piste; names for people like un(e) artiste, un(e) nudiste, etc. -tExceptions: la burlat, la dent, la dot, la forà ªt, la jument, la mort, la nuit, la part, la plupart, la ziggourat -treExceptions: la fenà ªtre, une huà ®tre, la lettre, la montre, la rencontre, la vitre -uExceptions: leau, la peau, la tribu, la vertu -xExceptions: la croix, la noix, la paix, la toux, la voix Feminine Noun Endings Here are some suffixes that usually indicate feminine nouns, as well as some important exceptions. Remember, we list here the most common endings, because these will be the most useful for you to know. -aceExceptions: un ace, un palace -adeExceptions: le grade, le jade, le stade -aleExceptions: un chà ¢le, un pà ©tale, un scandale -ance -beExceptions: un cube, un globe, un microbe, un tube, un verbe -ceExceptions: un artifice, un armistice, un appendice, le bà ©nà ©fice, le caprice, le commerce, le dentifrice, le divorce, un exercice, un office, un orifice, un prà ©cipice, un prince, un sacrifice, un service, le silence, le solstice, le supplice, un vice -cà ©Exception: un crustacà © -eNote:  Most countries and names that end in e are feminine. -eeException: un pedigree -à ©eExceptions: un apogà ©e, un lycà ©e, un musà ©e, un pà ©rigà ©e, un trophà ©e -esse -eurNote: This applies mainly to abstract qualities and emotions, except le bonheur, lextà ©rieur, lhonneur, lintà ©rieur, le malheur, le meilleur. Also see -eur  on the list of masculine endings. -feException: le golfe -ieExceptions: un incendie, le foie, le gà ©nie, le parapluie, le sosie -ià ¨reExceptions: larrià ¨re, le cimetià ¨re, le derrià ¨re -ineExceptions: le capitaine, le domaine, le moine, le magazine, le patrimoine -ionExceptions: un avion, un bastion, un billion, un camion, un cation, un dominion, un espion, un ion, un lampion, un lion, un million, le morpion, un pion, un scion, un scorpion, un trillion -iqueExceptions: un graphique, un pà ©riphà ©rique -ireExceptions: un auditoire, un commentaire, un dictionnaire, un directoire, un horaire, un itinà ©raire, livoire, un laboratoire, un navire, un pourboire, le purgatoire, le rà ©pertoire, le salaire, le sommaire, le sourire, le territoire, le vocabulaire -ise -iteExceptions: lanthracite, un ermite, le granite, le graphite, le mà ©rite, lopposite, le plà ©biscite, un rite, un satellite, un site, un termite -lleExceptions: le braille, un gorille, un intervalle, un mille, un portefeuille, le vaudeville, le vermicelle, le violoncelle -mmeExceptions: un dilemme, un gramme, un programme -ndeException: le monde -nne -oleExceptions: le contrà ´le, le monopole, le rà ´le, le symbole -rreExceptions: le beurre, le parterre, le tonnerre, le verre -seExceptions: un carosse, un colosse, le gypse, linverse, un malaise, un pamplemousse, un parebrise, le suspense -sà ©Exceptions: un exposà ©, un opposà © -sion -sonExceptions: un blason, un blouson -tà ©Exceptions: un arrà ªtà ©, le comità ©, le comtà ©, le cà ´tà ©, un dà ©putà ©, un à ©tà ©, le pà ¢tà ©, le traità © -tià © -tionException: le bastion -udeExceptions: le coude, un interlude, le prà ©lude -ueException: un abaque -uleExceptions: le prà ©ambule, le scrupule, le tentacule, le testicule, le và ©hicule, le ventricule, le vestibule ï » ¿-ureExceptions: le centaure, le cyanure, le dinosaure, le murmure

Food and plitics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Food and plitics - Essay Example However, despite its successes, the food system is seen to still leave a lot to be desired as it is estimated that about eight hundred million people most of whom are situated in poor countries actually lack the necessary access to the food that they happen to require. The deficiencies that are witnessed in the global food system have caused malnutrition and undernourishment to now be classified as being the leading causes of both death and illness on the planet (Nestle, 2003) In the United States, an estimated about 325,000 people are hospitalized, and as many as 5,000 die because of ingesting viral and bacterial pathogens. The inadequacies noted to be inherent in the food system and concerns over the food that are consumed in the country have resulted in the society and the political system calling for the reversal of the consumption of unhealthy food options that are very much become a part of the our culture. The following paper discusses how politics influences the kind of food grown or consumed in not only in Australia but also in the entire globe. Individuals have a legal right to grow and eat almost any food that they may want, and people are now discovering that food has a lot to do with politics. According to Burros (2006), in today’s world where people are increasingly feeling more distant from the global forces that they perceive to be controlling their lives, most people are now taking action and doing the little they can by essentially voting with their trolleys and selecting healthier food options. Governments around the world are now increasingly becoming more active in calling for the adoption of healthier food options into the modern day culture. One of the biggest food challenges facing Australia today is the problem of obesity, and the country ranks highly among countries that have been affected by the condition (Moreno et al., 2011). The

The Cold War Era Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Cold War Era - Essay Example The telegram was based on the need to help introduce capitalism in USSR economies with a view that it would aid in addressing democracy and end the employment of socialism devices that serve interests of reactionary capital, despite conflicts-filled capitalistic economies which generate wars; intra-capitalistic between capitalists and wars of intervention by capitalists against socialists. The idea was to reduce the strength and influence of USSR and the socialist friends, introduction of revolutionary upheavals within capitalistic societies and enhance democratic progressivism to bear pressure on capitalistic societies but in line with soviet interests (Roberts pp.2-17). The justification was that majority of the citizens in the socialist economies did not enjoy fruits of their labor, the need to revolutionize urbanization and industrialization, the need to unify capitalistic economies with socialists for a peaceful coexistence and find equilibrium of Marxism in separation of both i nternal and international powers. The significance of this telegram can be traced on the importance of destabilizing the major political western powers who at some point were considered dangerous by their military prowess, the need to advance democracy and rule of law, to financially empower citizens in the socialist economies and promote international harmony between societies. As a witness of history, many questions arise on the implementation of the international policy as stated in the telegram; whether communism as illustrated in the telegram constituted the highlighted atrocities and whether the policies could apply to all other socialist economies apart from USSR considering the weak financial backing (Schumpeter, 9). The second document is a telegram from Walter Bedell Smith, Ambassador to the Soviet Union, to George Marshall, the secretary of state, named â€Å"Top Secret† that sought to notify the realization of United States’ economic plans in the Soviet Uni on as dangerous and that the Soviet government was not to pursue aggressive aims in their foreign policy, but would desire to rehabilitate and reconstruct its own internal economy. It stressed out on the Soviet trade agreements with England, Belgium, Switzerland and Scandinavian countries with which they were willing to incorporate the United States but agitated by the United States’ aggressive economic policies and the erroneous picture by the United States’ press and public officials. The major argument and justification was that dynamism of democratic forces ought to have been more vigilant, alert and aggressive to protect liberty and the fact that it was impossible for American government or citizens to believe that coup d’etat in Czechoslovakia could have been achieved without direct support of Soviet Union (Smith, pp.71-79). The major questions on this document is whether the foreign policy of the United States at the time can be measured with todayâ€℠¢s more so on the need to stabilize economic conditions and aspire for political development (McCann, 6) in the United States? The third document was from Charles Murphy to the secretary of state, Lloyd Bell, dated July 31, 1951 which stressed out the observations of the then American-soviet relations in a bid to achieve peaceful relations between the two economies; more so guided by the fact that Soviet Union was the guiding center of the communist world in relation to the United States’

A key historical development such as the development of the tripartite Essay

A key historical development such as the development of the tripartite system or the introduction of comprehensive education - Essay Example The British transition provides an excellent way for the study of the effect of a comprehensive system as compared to selective schooling system on the student's achievement. In the traditional British school system, scholars would attend an academically selective grammar college at age 11, or they would attend a secondary modern school, which used to be academically less hard. The tripartite system had its disadvantages and also its advantages but the criticisms made it necessary to development of comprehensive education, which was friendlier to the students and all the scholars involved. Starting within the Nineteen Fifties, there was once dissatisfaction with choices on the local level, and a few native authorities began to experiment with comprehensive colleges. In 1965, the local authorities requested the Local Education Authorities (LEAs) to make plans to convert to a comprehensive education system. The implementation went on slowly, with sooner growing, more Labour leaning LEA s moving to comprehensive colleges more quickly while Conservative leaning Authorities implemented the amendment extra slowly. Presently there are still few conservatives offering grammar schools as an option INTRODUCTION National school programs range extensively within the quantity of skill tracking of scholars they provide in secondary school. Some education systems are based on comprehensive systems, where students of all abilities go to similar schools, although there is typically some tracking within the schools. Other systems channel students at an early age into different school types based on academic standards (tripartite system). The British idea is appealing since it involved a significant and a well defined change in terms of the ability of secondary school scholars, thus offering a potential way to assess the importance of comprehensive education system on student achievement. Comprehensive education is an education system where selection is not based on academic found ation or competency. A tripartite education system was created by the 1944 Education act and provided the basis of a state funded secondary school sector. The structure was to have three schools, which were grammar school, secondary technical school and secondary modern school (Education Act 1944). In the essay, we are going to discuss why Britain switched to the comprehensive system from tripartite system and the setbacks and advantages of the comprehensive system. We are also going to look at the key areas in the development of the comprehensive education system and the factors which lead to its implementation. Comprehensive education can be looked at as an improvement of the tripartite system, but it also has its own disadvantages. Historical development of Comprehensive Education from the Tripartite System in Britain The 1944 Education Act or the Butler Act brought about the tripartite education system which was found on the belief that at eleven years of age it was possible to measure intelligence of a child, the basis of this is to make a choice on the  activity, or career the child  might be suited to. Children sat the 11+ exam which was made up of English, Math and IQ tests. Those who passed were deemed to be more academic and would then proceed to secondary grammar school while the other would go to lower level grammar school. By the early 1960s, many LEAs were devising and reorganizing plans to end the traditional

Health inequality and disparity in the US

Health inequality and disparity in the US Today, in our world one of the biggest issues that have risen amongst health care activist in the United States is how health disparity and inequality has affected rural areas and culture. However, it is important to keep in the back of our minds that this is not a problem that only exists in the U.S., it is a worldwide concern. Health disparity is taking an in depth look at the differences in health status between different social groups, gender, race, ethnicity, education, income, disability, and sexual orientation. While on the other hand, health inequalities is taking a look at the unjust and unfair treatment one gets because of their socioeconomic status and demographic area in which they are part of. Having such a wide array of difference in health inequality and disparity is what also contributes to the United States ranking in the bottom of industrialized western nations when it comes to life expectancy rate, and infant mortality rate. Finding ways to close the gap between li fe expectancy from one race to the other may greatly contribute in making the U.S rank as one of the top nations in the western part of the world. One of my main reasons for selecting this topic was because I wanted to take an in depth look through research and studies to find out why health inequality and disparity still exists in a great and rich country like the United States. In addition to that, my second point in selecting this research topic was to find out how there can be equality amongst people living in urban and rural areas in the U.S. when it comes to the area of health care. Even though over the years they have been great improvements and minor changes; there is still more work to be done in order to make health and equality for all. Health should be a right for all, and not a privilege based on whether one lives in a rural or urban area, or whatever socioeconomic status they may have. One should get the rights to have the same privileges. One of the huge differences when looking at health disparity is life expectancy age between white, black, and African males, and black, white, and African American females. For example, the life expectancy for an average white male is 76.7 years old while on the other hand for an African American male the average age of life expectancy is 67.8 years old. Comparing the two ages there is a difference of 8.9 years between a Caucasian, and an African American male. After looking at the difference one may ask themselves these questions: they are all American why can one race live longer than the other? This is a question I have asked myself before, however taking this class through the semester helped me to understand why. Baer mentions, African Americans experience about 67,000 mor e deaths than they would have had their mortality rates been similar to whites. This translates into 2.2 million more years of life lost. One of the main reasons for this is that most Caucasian males live in an urban area with good jobs, good incomes, good health insurance, and access to good doctors, while on the other hand, an African American male living in a rural area does not have access to health insurance, does not have a good job, or does not have access to a family doctor. This may lead to a lot of stress to an individual which may cause different diseases such as chronic heart disease, hypertension-which may lead to stroke, heart attack, and renal failure. This in turn may lead to premature death of an African American male. These results are the same for women also. As stated by, premature mortality (75 years of age) is greater rural residents than among urban residents, and rural-urban mortality differences vary by age. Premature death and mortality is one of the key issues when taking a look at health and inequality in the United States. Nevertheless, another subject to closely examine is how health and diseases are not distributed fairly. Individuals who live in rural areas are more likely to get a disease than one who lives in an urban area. This also contributes to the kind of health individuals may get. For example, diseases like tuberculosis would be common in a rural area because of the life style one may live, the kind of income they may earn, and the health care they may be receive could be totally different than the one they receive in the urban area. According to, (levy and Sidel) The cause of many diseases are complex interplay of multiple factors, many of which are due to social injustice. For instance, Caucasians receive more attention and care when they visit a doctor which may lead to a wide variety of issues. However, the one that stands out the most is because the color of the indi viduals skin, he/she may be looked at differently, or not given the same care a Caucasian would have received. The subject of disparity and inequality does not only stop with adults, it also reaches down to children. Unfortunately it is a subject that affects all ages from infants to adulthood. In some cases there have been findings that when it comes to certain diseases and long term hospitalization, infants whom their parents are of different social class or race are treated differently and are cared about differently than kids that are Caucasian, or not minorities. While doing my research for this project I was amused to find out the inequality and disparity comes down to this level that even infants are cared for differently because they belong to a certain minority group. As I have stressed out in my paper and continue to do so, I really believe that everyone should have equal access to health care regardless of their differences. In one of my articles it takes and in depth look at how childrens asthma hospitalization and urban areas in Texas are different. Grineski mentions, It talks ab out how poor children are dispropriately affected as they have higher asthma prevalence rates (and more servere asthma) than non poor children. I found this to be a very interesting finding that areas where poor children and non- poor children were living would affect their health. This could be because of several reasons, for one it could be because of the demographic area or the type of housing conditions in which these infants live in. All these factors could play a big part in contributing to the findings that kids in rural areas are more probable to get Asthma. However, there are also many other factors that also contribute to health disparities. There are socioeconomic factors that include the individuals race, ethnicity, the kind of education they may have, and the kind of income they earn annually that also contribute to the individuals health. As mentioned earlier, the individuals health may allow him/her to receive a different treatment from another individual whom is of a different race. For example, John, an African American male, goes to see his doctor because he has been coughing for a week and wants to get checked out. Instead of giving John all the different tests, the doctor would just give him medicine and tell him he just has a cold or flu, yet if it is a white male they would probably give him a thorough check up to see what was really wrong with the individual, and then give that person the necessary medication they need. Also, ethnicity brings an additional dimension to health disparity. As mentioned earlier, when it comes to health care for minorities they generally have a harder time getting the kind of care they need, especially ones that live in the rural areas. Baer mentions that, Health disparity research suggests that ethnic minority groups like African Americans, Latinos, and Native Americans suffer a triple burden in seeking health care: 1. They are significantly less likely to have health insurance than whites, and so accessing care is a major challenge, and while adequate acute care is hard enough to come by, preventive care is all but impossible for those who are insured The kind of education one has also contributed to the gap between health inequalities between individuals. The more education one has the longer they live, and the healthier life style they have. This is mostly due to the fact that the higher education you have the higher income one may get, and the better education one may get the more likely the individual may have a good job with great security which helps to provide financially for their families. The less education they have the less they can earn, the more stressful the job can be, and the less job security they have in order to provide for their families. Also, the more education you have the more educated you become about living a healthier life style. For example, eating healthier by getting good nutrients and a having a good diet is smart, but in order to live this kind of life style one must be able to afford it which does not allowed everyone in the United States to have this opportunity. Kaplan states, On this view, we c an understand why controlling for the SES and education reduces the health disparities between blacks and white Americans but does not eliminate them. Because black Americans are also systematically disadvantaged with respect SES and education and because SES and education are associated with health outcomes in the United States. Another determent that also brings a problem to health inequality and disparity is the environment one lives in. The environment we live in plays a big role on the kind of diseases we get and develop. Plus, the area one lives plays a big part in the kind of health care one receives. For example, one living in a rural area may not have access to a hospital, or the right doctor they may need to help them give them the right attention they need to live a healthier life style. An additional thing that plays a role on the kind of health we get from the environment could be the kind of water one has access to. The kind of water people in rural areas may use may have things in it that are not healthy for one to drink and may cause different kinds of stomach viruses or stomach problems. The kind of food individuals get in the grocery store maybe not be as healthy as the ones individuals from urban areas may get. Some food may contain more fat and carbohydrates, than the ones they have in the grocery store in urban American cities nationwide. According to McElory and Townsend, That changes in components of their model (e.g. new subsistence patterns) can cause in balances in the other components ( e.g. new subsistence strategies can lead to exposure to new risk ), and a very severe imbalance to generate stress and disease. As the above quote points out, health inequality and disparity can be a big part of the kind of environment one lives in. After selecting this topic I wanted to personally drive through the urban and rural areas of Fort Wayne and compare the differences. Hartley mentions, Traditional concerns as to access to primary and hospital continue to dominate rural health policy. As I drove through town I observed a few things. One observation was that there were barely any hospitals in the rural area. I found a couple of clinics but all the major hospitals, and big health facilities were located in the urban areas. In my opinion, this is a huge disadvantage for someone living in a rural area in Fort Wayne. Another thing I observed during my drive was that there are far more liquor stores located down south. For example, you can drive down a block and you can see three or four liquor stores by the time I was done driving through the block. In contrast, up in the urban areas there are liquor stores but not as many as the ones I came across while in the rural areas. Another thing I also noticed while I was doing my observation was that the urban areas are well taken care of. The streets are clean, buildings were properly done, and roads were done properly with no dirt on the streets. Yet in the rural areas the opposite was true. There were several buildings that were left unfinished; roads were not as clean, housing areas were not as properly done as the ones done in urban areas in Fort Wayne. These are several inequalities I observed on my own. It was a firsthand experience, and I was very shocked to find out that such things are going on i n our on back yard here in Fort Wayne. I believe that in order for us to address this problem as a nation we must first focus in our own cities and towns and then work our way up. Individuals in rural areas have been accustomed to receive unfair health care attention that people that live urban areas in the United States are used to recieving. As mentioned earlier in my paper this not only a problem in the United States but a problem that is effecting millions of other continents around the world. Joyce and Bambra state that, Despite overall improvements in health outcomes since the second world war, health inequalities between the best and worst of society are persistent in developed nations and in some in some instances are continue to widen As a community how can we address health inequality and disparity in our communities to help this stigma get away? Studies have definitely shown that they are minor improvements that have taken place over the years, but never the less, as a community we have a lot of work to be done. Hartley mentions, Recent trends in rural health research and policy suggests that effective policy interventions must be based on differences among rural regions. When arguing for progressive rhetoric for rural American, rickets noted that Urban-Rural comparisons. One of the first things I think we need to do as a community is first try to improve our rural areas. The next step I believe we should do as a country is have a universal health care program in place where everyone will be able to have insurance for every citizen in the United States. In making health insurance accessible to every one in the United States any person will be able to receive the health care they need. An additional thing we as a community need to do in order to address health inequality and disparity is to have more hospitals in the rural areas and not just in the urban areas. We need to have hospitals and clinics more accessible to them. So if they need to see the doctor they do not need to make a fifteen to twenty minute drive they can have it right in their neighborhood. I firmly believe education is the key to removing health inequality and disparity from our communities. The better we educate individuals that are of a different race, socioeconomic status, and ethnicity, the more adequate a person knows about how to live a healthy life style and eat properly. We need to get them to exercise more in order to live healthier, and also educate them about the effects of smoking cigarettes and what it causes. For example, have health fair programs that will tell them how smoking can cause lung cancer, and many other chronic diseases, and also better educate them how drugs and sharing needles can affect ones life style and cause many diseases such as HIV-which is a very serious epidemic that is killing millions of people in our world today. Also having different organizations that are pro-health that would go into the different rural communities and talk and mentor individuals on what they can do to live a good and healthier life would be a great asset in educating individuals. Another way for us to draw the gap when it comes to health and inequality is to create more jobs for individuals, so that they will be able to work and support their families. In doing this it will give them something to stress less about, which in turn will help individuals to be stress free. As mentioned earlier in my paper, stress causes a lot of health issues which can lead to different cardiovascular heart problems, effect once growth, diabetes, and hypertension which are all various disease one can get from living a healthier life style. So hopefully creating more jobs in rural communities may be able to create a less stressful life for individuals. Improving the environment are also ways in which we can address health disparity in our communities and country. For us to take the next step in which we can overcome health disparity and inequality is to clean up the rural areas. They should be cleaned up, they should also have access to clean water to drink, and tap water should be sterilized to certain standards to meet the States regulations. Also fountains and lakes should be monitored and kept clean, having clean water is important in other for mosquitoes and other parasites to not take over rural communities. Not having all these necessary steps taken people in rural areas may have easy access to malaria and other diseases which may greatly affect their community. Doing away with majority of the liquor stores in rural areas will also help to bring inequality to our neighborhoods, because having alcohol in rural areas in my opinion just helps to destroy the individuals in these areas. Drinking may also contribute too many other diseases that may cause premature death in one area. Another substance that we can do away with is creating awareness about drinks and get them off the streets. In getting both drugs and alcohol out of the rural areas we can only hope that we can try to get the rural areas to be almost equivalent to urban areas although one that will not be easy to do. In doing the following we can hope that health inequality and disparity in rural areas can be improved to met the standards that urban areas have. The U. S is such a wealthy nation that they should not be anything such as health inequality and disparity amongst different areas in the . From my research I do however believe that there is hope for the future. Changes are been made however, we just have to put our differences apart in other for us to reach the point where health is equal and available to everyone no matter how much income they make, the amount of education they have, or the color of the skin they should have access to it . Overall, I learned a lot of from this project I gained a lot of knowledge from it. I became aware of things that I was not previously not aware of in the past. I never looked at health as inequality and disparity; I rather looked at it from a different prospective but in doing this project it made me understand what it means when one mentions the United States health care system has inequality and disparity in its system. From doing this project I also gained passion for this topic and down the road I would like to volunteer, or be health activists, because as repeated earlier in my paper I believe health services should be offered to everyone.